Sociodemographic Factors and Clinical Profiles of Newly Diagnosed HIV/AIDS Patients in North-Central Nigeria:

Abstract

Introduction
Various factors, including sociodemographic characteristics, contribute to the heightened risk of HIV/AIDS infection, particularly among young individuals, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the association between socio-demographic determinants, clinical factors, and laboratory parameters among newly diagnosed adult drug-naïve patients with HIV/AIDS.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on adult HIV/AIDS patients attending the infectious clinic of a tertiary hospital in North-Central Nigeria. Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical details were collected during the patient's initial clinic visit using a pre-tested questionnaire. Laboratory investigations including biochemical and haematological tests were performed.
Results
Out of the 293 newly diagnosed patients, 48.8% were in stage 1, and 13.7% were in stage 3 disease. Females exhibited a higher frequency of AIDS compared to males (55.2% versus 44.8%). The mean age was 39.9 ±10.0 years, with one- third in the 30-39 age group. The majority (82.6%) were married and 68.3% were self-employed privately or in a non-formal sector. HBsAg coinfection was present in 8.5%, while risky heterosexual behaviours were documented in 27.3%. Wasting syndrome was the most common symptom (46.8%), followed by persistent fever (11.9%) and diarrhoea (4.4%). Abnormal liver enzymes (AST and ALT) were found in less than one-quarter of AIDS patients (24.6% and 18.3%). Among patients with CD4 counts below or above 200 cells/μL, significant differences were observed in haematocrit, azotaemia, and total white blood cells.
Conclusions Addressing high-risk demographics and specific occupational groups is essential for effective HIV/AIDS management
in sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease disproportionately affects young adults and women, early diagnosis and targeted interventions are vital for prevention and improved outcomes.